They are made up of continuous, hummocky hills of sand that are held together by specially adapted sand dune vegetation. Coastal sand dune management įigure 4: Walkway over New Brighton Sand DunesĬoastal sand dunes fringe thousands of Kilometres of coastline around the world. states such as California and Hawaii and in other jurisdictions, present the opportunity to systematically manage-or mismanage-beaches and their accompanying dunes.
Inconsistent vegetation, known as a fragmented or decoupled gradient, can create weak points in the dune that limit its effectiveness against floods and even its continued existence. Without agreement, some parts of the dune may go unplanted, while others host visually appealing plants that do little to stabilize the dune. Gaining agreement among all owners complicates the process of stabilizing the dunes. Coastal management Ī single beach may be divided into segments with different owners. The shrub stage is usually the final phase and may last for short or long periods of time depending on microclimatic conditions such as distance from the shoreline, availability of groundwater, or salt spray effects. Examples are Empetrum nigrum, Ilex vomitoria, and Vaccinium ovatum. During this phase, larger plants with deeper root systems can be planted. After they have rooted and developed fully, a second stage, the " shrub stage", can begin. Introduced species can out compete native plants and disrupt animal life, making them formally "invasive species". Vegetation typical of the plain and backdune include Hudsonia tomentosa, Spartina patens, Iva imbricata, and Eregeron glaucus. Plants which thrive on the broad dune plain and backdune grow together into dense patches termed dune mats that hold the dune together.
Typical vegetation includes Ammophila arenaria, Honckenya peploides, Cakile maritima, and Spartina coarctata. Plants that thrive on the foredune must be tolerant to salt spray, strong winds, and burial by blowing/accumulating sand.
0 kommentar(er)
